Resources

Nepal: Analysis Shows Social Media Bill Highly Problematic

  • By Raphael CLD
  • 13 February 2025

Nepal: Analysis Shows Social Media Bill Highly Problematical

 

In February 2025, the Centre for Law and Democracy (CLD) released its analysis of Nepal’s Social Media Act (Bill) 2081, which was tabled in parliament in late January 2025. The Bill has multiple problems when assessed against international standards on freedom of expression, including that the extensive regulatory powers in the Bill are all exercised by government actors, that platforms, defined very broadly, are required to obtain a government licence, that it imposes numerous expansive and illegitimate content restrictions on both users and platforms, and that it utterly fails to put in place any systematic approach to addressing the harms caused by online content.

 

The analysis is available here and the Bill is available here.

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10 April 2014
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Tuning into Development: International comparative survey of community broadcasting regulation, March 2014

31 March 2014
Comments on the draft Palestinian Access to Information Law, March 2014

Comments on the draft Palestinian Access to Information Law, March 2014

17 March 2014
Comments on the Pakistan Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act, 2014, March 2014

Comments on the Pakistan Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act, 2014, March 2014

06 March 2014
Note on the Kurdistan Region of Iraq Right to Access Information Law, January 2014

Note on the Kurdistan Region of Iraq Right to Access Information Law, January 2014

27 January 2014
Note on the draft Palestinian Law on the Right of Access to Information, December 2013

Note on the draft Palestinian Law on the Right of Access to Information, December 2013

19 December 2013
Recommendations for Progressive Improvements on RTI, December 2013

Recommendations for Progressive Improvements on RTI, December 2013

18 December 2013
Analysis of the Draft Intellectual Property Chapter of the Trans-Pacific Partnership, December 2013

Analysis of the Draft Intellectual Property Chapter of the Trans-Pacific Partnership, December 2013

06 December 2013
Comments on the Bhutanese draft Right to Information Bill, October 2013

Comments on the Bhutanese draft Right to Information Bill, October 2013

17 October 2013
GCF: Comments on Proposed Information Policy, October 2013

GCF: Comments on Proposed Information Policy, October 2013

03 October 2013
RTI Rating Data Analysis Series: Overview of Results and Trends, September 2013

RTI Rating Data Analysis Series: Overview of Results and Trends, September 2013

28 September 2013
Canada: Review of the Nova Scotia Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, September 2013

Canada: Review of the Nova Scotia Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, September 2013

23 September 2013
Open Government Partnership (OGP) Progress Review of First Year Implementation of the Action Plan, September 2013

Open Government Partnership (OGP) Progress Review of First Year Implementation of the Action Plan, September 2013

17 September 2013
Handbook on International Standards and Media Law in the Arab World, September 2013

Handbook on International Standards and Media Law in the Arab World, September 2013

09 September 2013
Russia: Internet Freedom is Under Severe Threat, July 2013

Russia: Internet Freedom is Under Severe Threat, July 2013

31 July 2013
Reconceptualising Copyright: Adapting the Rules to Respect Freedom of Expression in the Digital Age, July 2013

Reconceptualising Copyright: Adapting the Rules to Respect Freedom of Expression in the Digital Age, July 2013

29 July 2013
European Union: Data Retention Directive not Justifiable, July 2013

European Union: Data Retention Directive not Justifiable, July 2013

10 July 2013
Global Right to Information Update: An Analysis by Region, July 2013

Global Right to Information Update: An Analysis by Region, July 2013

08 July 2013
Freedom of Expression and the Right to Truth: An Elaboration of their Inter-relationships, July 2013

Freedom of Expression and the Right to Truth: An Elaboration of their Inter-relationships, July 2013

01 July 2013
South Korea: Copyright Act Restricts Freedom of Expression, June 2013

South Korea: Copyright Act Restricts Freedom of Expression, June 2013

28 June 2013
Argentina: Workshop Report on Freedom of Expression and Copyright

Argentina: Workshop Report on Freedom of Expression and Copyright

25 June 2013
Jordan: Press Law Amendments Seriously Threaten Online Speech, June 2013

Jordan: Press Law Amendments Seriously Threaten Online Speech, June 2013

24 June 2013
Tunisia: Freedom of Expression in draft Constitution, June 2013

Tunisia: Freedom of Expression in draft Constitution, June 2013

19 June 2013
Global Climate Fund Proposes Openness Policy, June 2013

Global Climate Fund Proposes Openness Policy, June 2013

17 June 2013
International Mandates: Diversity Key in Digital Transition, 3 May 2013

International Mandates: Diversity Key in Digital Transition, 3 May 2013

03 May 2013
RTI Reforms Would Leave Denmark in 78th Place Globally, April 2013

RTI Reforms Would Leave Denmark in 78th Place Globally, April 2013

23 April 2013
Afghanistan: Comments on the draft Access Law, April 2013

Afghanistan: Comments on the draft Access Law, April 2013

11 April 2013
Submission on Access to Information Reform in Quebec, April 2013

Submission on Access to Information Reform in Quebec, April 2013

02 April 2013
Myanmar: Draft Law is a Step Forward, March 2013

Myanmar: Draft Law is a Step Forward, March 2013

28 March 2013
Submission on the Transparency Policy of the International Monetary Fund, March 2013

Submission on the Transparency Policy of the International Monetary Fund, March 2013

26 March 2013
Indonesia: Analysis of Draft Law on NGOs, February 2013

Indonesia: Analysis of Draft Law on NGOs, February 2013

12 February 2013
Indonesia: Right to Information Training Manual for Civil Society and Public Officials

Indonesia: Right to Information Training Manual for Civil Society and Public Officials

06 February 2013
Somalia: Analysis of Legal Framework for the Media, January 2013

Somalia: Analysis of Legal Framework for the Media, January 2013

22 January 2013
Canada: Right to Information Law Needs Major Overhaul, January 2013

Canada: Right to Information Law Needs Major Overhaul, January 2013

16 January 2013
Morocco: Concerns Remain over Media Law Reform, June 2013

Morocco: Concerns Remain over Media Law Reform, June 2013

10 January 2013
OGP: Guidelines for Assessing OGP Action Plans, December 2012

OGP: Guidelines for Assessing OGP Action Plans, December 2012

18 December 2012
Egypt: Draft Constitution Leaves Wide Scope to Limit Rights, December 2012

Egypt: Draft Constitution Leaves Wide Scope to Limit Rights, December 2012

10 December 2012
Philippines: Analysis Finds Major Problems in Cybercrime Law, November 2012

Philippines: Analysis Finds Major Problems in Cybercrime Law, November 2012

22 November 2012
Submission to the 16th Session of the Universal Periodic Review on the State of Freedom of Expression in Canada, October 2012

Submission to the 16th Session of the Universal Periodic Review on the State of Freedom of Expression in Canada, October 2012

10 October 2012
Freedom of Expression in Egypt’s Draft Constitution, October 2012

Freedom of Expression in Egypt’s Draft Constitution, October 2012

04 October 2012
Failing to Measure Up: An Analysis of Access to Information Legislation in Canadian Jurisdictions, September 2012

Failing to Measure Up: An Analysis of Access to Information Legislation in Canadian Jurisdictions, September 2012

28 September 2012
Myanmar: Analysis of Constitutional Guarantees, August 2012

Myanmar: Analysis of Constitutional Guarantees, August 2012

30 August 2012
Egypt: Statement on the Need for Real Reform of Defamation Laws, August 2012

Egypt: Statement on the Need for Real Reform of Defamation Laws, August 2012

27 August 2012
Myanmar: Guidance on an Empowering Press Law, August 2012

Myanmar: Guidance on an Empowering Press Law, August 2012

13 August 2012
International Mechanisms for Promoting Freedom of Expression: Joint Declaration on Crimes Against Freedom of Expression, 5 May 2012

International Mechanisms for Promoting Freedom of Expression: Joint Declaration on Crimes Against Freedom of Expression, 5 May 2012

10 June 2012
Yemen: Comments on the Law on the Right of Access to Information, May 2012

Yemen: Comments on the Law on the Right of Access to Information, May 2012

10 May 2012
Somalia: Analysis of draft Telecommunication Law, May 2012

Somalia: Analysis of draft Telecommunication Law, May 2012

10 May 2012
CLD Expands RTI-Rating to Provincial Laws, April 2012

CLD Expands RTI-Rating to Provincial Laws, April 2012

10 April 2012
Comments on the Montenegrin draft Law on Free Access to Information, March 2012

Comments on the Montenegrin draft Law on Free Access to Information, March 2012

28 March 2012
Analysis of the Egyptian draft Civil Society RTI Law, March 2012

Analysis of the Egyptian draft Civil Society RTI Law, March 2012

12 March 2012
Nepal: Comments on Constitutional Proposals, March 2012

Nepal: Comments on Constitutional Proposals, March 2012

10 March 2012
Toby Mendel Provides Witness Statement to the UK Information Tribunal

Toby Mendel Provides Witness Statement to the UK Information Tribunal

10 March 2012
Entrenching RTI: Constitutional Protections of the Right to Information, March 2012

Entrenching RTI: Constitutional Protections of the Right to Information, March 2012

05 March 2012
Joint Statement by International Media Mission to Nepal

Joint Statement by International Media Mission to Nepal

10 February 2012
Report on the Erosion of Freedoms in Iraq, January 2012

Report on the Erosion of Freedoms in Iraq, January 2012

27 January 2012
Analysis of the Kenyan draft Freedom of Information Bill, January 2012

Analysis of the Kenyan draft Freedom of Information Bill, January 2012

10 January 2012
Comments on Sri Lankan Draft Freedom of Information Act, November 2011

Comments on Sri Lankan Draft Freedom of Information Act, November 2011

27 November 2011
Comments on the draft Afghan Access to Information Law, November 2011

Comments on the draft Afghan Access to Information Law, November 2011

10 November 2011
Note on the Pakistani NGO Draft Right to Information Act, 2010, October 2011

Note on the Pakistani NGO Draft Right to Information Act, 2010, October 2011

27 October 2011
Comments on the Draft Model Law for AU Member States on Access to Information, August 2011

Comments on the Draft Model Law for AU Member States on Access to Information, August 2011

09 September 2011
Kazakhstan, Comments on the Draft Law of Kazakhstan on Information Access, August 2011

Kazakhstan, Comments on the Draft Law of Kazakhstan on Information Access, August 2011

27 August 2011
Towards a Presumption of Openness AfDB: A Long Way to Go: Comments by the Global Transparency Initiative on the Draft Policy on Disclosure and Access to Information of the African Development Bank, August 2011

Towards a Presumption of Openness AfDB: A Long Way to Go: Comments by the Global Transparency Initiative on the Draft Policy on Disclosure and Access to Information of the African Development Bank, August 2011

09 August 2011
A guide to Best Practice in Transparency, Accountability and Civic Engagement Across the Public Sector, July 2011

A guide to Best Practice in Transparency, Accountability and Civic Engagement Across the Public Sector, July 2011

10 July 2011
OSCE Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting July 2011 – Keynote Speech

OSCE Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting July 2011 – Keynote Speech

08 July 2011
RTI Training Materials for Indonesian Civil Society Representatives and Journalists

RTI Training Materials for Indonesian Civil Society Representatives and Journalists

29 June 2011
International Mechanisms for Promoting Freedom of Expression: Joint Declaration on Freedom of Expression and the Internet, 1 June 2011

International Mechanisms for Promoting Freedom of Expression: Joint Declaration on Freedom of Expression and the Internet, 1 June 2011

01 June 2011
Iraq: Note on the Draft Journalists Protection Law, April 2011

Iraq: Note on the Draft Journalists Protection Law, April 2011

11 May 2011
Tunisia: Comments on the Draft Decrees Making up the Press Law, April 2011

Tunisia: Comments on the Draft Decrees Making up the Press Law, April 2011

09 May 2011
Comments on the Draft Law of Mongolia on Information Transparency and Freedom of Information, April 2011

Comments on the Draft Law of Mongolia on Information Transparency and Freedom of Information, April 2011

09 May 2011
UN Human Rights Committee: Note on Draft General Comment No. 34 on Article 19 of the ICCPR (Upon Completion of the First Reading by the Human Rights Committee), January 2011

UN Human Rights Committee: Note on Draft General Comment No. 34 on Article 19 of the ICCPR (Upon Completion of the First Reading by the Human Rights Committee), January 2011

27 January 2011
Spain: Comments on the Draft Law on Transparency and Citizen Access to Public Information, January 2011

Spain: Comments on the Draft Law on Transparency and Citizen Access to Public Information, January 2011

27 January 2011
Securing the People’s Right to Information: ADB Must Do More: Comments by the Global Transparency Initiative on the Second Consultation Draft of the Public Communications Policy of the Asian Development Bank, 26 December 2010

Securing the People’s Right to Information: ADB Must Do More: Comments by the Global Transparency Initiative on the Second Consultation Draft of the Public Communications Policy of the Asian Development Bank, 26 December 2010

27 December 2010
Slovenia: Comments on the Radio and Television Corporation of Slovenia Act, December 2010

Slovenia: Comments on the Radio and Television Corporation of Slovenia Act, December 2010

27 December 2010
Global Trends on the Right to Information, 10-11 December 2010

Global Trends on the Right to Information, 10-11 December 2010

11 December 2010
International Seminar on the Right to Access Public Information: Implementation Challenges for Law No 18.381, 5 November 2010

International Seminar on the Right to Access Public Information: Implementation Challenges for Law No 18.381, 5 November 2010

05 November 2010
Making the Case for Open Government, 29 September 2010

Making the Case for Open Government, 29 September 2010

29 September 2010
ADB Public Communications Policy Working Paper, July 2011

ADB Public Communications Policy Working Paper, July 2011

27 July 2010
Pakistan: Note on the draft Right to Information Law, July 2010

Pakistan: Note on the draft Right to Information Law, July 2010

27 July 2010
The Maldives: Comments on the draft Right to Information Bill, July 2010

The Maldives: Comments on the draft Right to Information Bill, July 2010

27 July 2010
Securing the People’s Right to Information: Will the ADB Rise to the Challenge? Speaking Notes by the Global Transparency Initiative on the June 2010 Consultation Draft of the Public Communications Policy of the Asian Development Bank, 14 June 2010

Securing the People’s Right to Information: Will the ADB Rise to the Challenge? Speaking Notes by the Global Transparency Initiative on the June 2010 Consultation Draft of the Public Communications Policy of the Asian Development Bank, 14 June 2010

27 June 2010
Comments on the Proposed Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, May 2010

Comments on the Proposed Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, May 2010

27 May 2010
Bermuda: Statement on the Public Access to Information Bill 2010, May 2010

Bermuda: Statement on the Public Access to Information Bill 2010, May 2010

27 May 2010
Analysis of Computer Crime Act of Thailand, May 2010

Analysis of Computer Crime Act of Thailand, May 2010

27 May 2010
UNESCO’s Brisbane Declaration: Freedom of Information, the Right to Know, 3 May 2010

UNESCO’s Brisbane Declaration: Freedom of Information, the Right to Know, 3 May 2010

10 May 2010
Towards More Open and Transparent Governance In South Asia Workshop Resolutions

Towards More Open and Transparent Governance In South Asia Workshop Resolutions

29 April 2010
Comments on the Draft Law of Mongolia on Freedom of Press, April 2010

Comments on the Draft Law of Mongolia on Freedom of Press, April 2010

27 April 2010
Submission on the Paraguayan Law on Free Citizen Access to Public Information and Governmental Transparency, April 2010

Submission on the Paraguayan Law on Free Citizen Access to Public Information and Governmental Transparency, April 2010

27 April 2010
Comments on the Right to Access Information Bill: Sierra Leone, April 2010

Comments on the Right to Access Information Bill: Sierra Leone, April 2010

27 April 2010
Securing the People’s Right to Information: Will the ADB Rise to the Challenge? Comments by the Global Transparency Initiative on the Public Communications Policy of the Asian Development Bank, 15 April 2010

Securing the People’s Right to Information: Will the ADB Rise to the Challenge? Comments by the Global Transparency Initiative on the Public Communications Policy of the Asian Development Bank, 15 April 2010

15 April 2010
International Mechanisms for Promoting Freedom of Expression: Tenth Anniversary Joint Declaration: Ten Key Challenges to Freedom of Expression in The Next Decade, 3 February 2010

International Mechanisms for Promoting Freedom of Expression: Tenth Anniversary Joint Declaration: Ten Key Challenges to Freedom of Expression in The Next Decade, 3 February 2010

10 February 2010
Comments on the Media Regulations for the 2010 Elections for the Iraqi Council of Representatives, January 2010

Comments on the Media Regulations for the 2010 Elections for the Iraqi Council of Representatives, January 2010

27 January 2010